06/30/2025 “Becoming Familiar with Adjacent Segment Disease and Why It Matters” By Kaylee McGrath

Opening Statement:

Adjacent Segment Disease (ASD) is a term that may not be familiar to everyone, but it’s essential in the understanding of spinal health, mostly for those who have undergone spinal surgeries, particularly spinal fusions, individuals’ who are considering, or may need some kind of spinal surgeries. Understanding this condition can empower patients to make informed decisions and discuss their options with healthcare providers more meaningfully. This post will delve into what adjacent segment disease is, its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and its significance in the field of spine health. I will also include my experience with being on the onset of adjacent segment disease due to my spinal fusion to correct my scoliosis.

What is Adjacent Segment Disease?

·       Adjacent Segment Disease refers to the deterioration of spinal segments that are close to previous surgical sites. When surgery is done on the spine whether for herniated discs, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, or other related issues, the mechanics of the spine may change. This change can lead to increased stress on the adjacent segments, ultimately resulting in degeneration.

·       The condition is especially related for those who have undergone lumbar spinal fusions, as the fusing of one or more vertebrae can affect how the remaining vertebrae move and bear weight. Over time, this can lead to pain and conditions requiring additional treatment or surgery.

Causes of Adjacent Segment Disease

The development of adjacent segment disease can be attributed to several factors:

·       Altered Biomechanics: After spinal fusion, the affected segments become immobile. The adjacent segments must compensate for this lack of movement. These altered biomechanics can accelerate wear and tear on nearby vertebrae, leading to degeneration. This is exactly what is happening with me!

·       Age-related Degeneration: It's essential to consider that as people age, their spine naturally undergoes degenerative changes—this can be particularly exacerbated post-surgery.

·       Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have a predisposition to spinal degeneration, making them more likely to develop ASD after surgery.

·       Activity Levels: High-impact activities or improper lifting techniques post-surgery can put additional strain on the adjacent segments, further contributing to the condition.

Recognizing these causes can be crucial, especially for individuals who are planning or have undergone spinal surgeries.

Symptoms of Adjacent Segment Disease

Like many spinal disorders, the symptoms of adjacent segment disease can vary considerably from person to person. Commonly reported symptoms include:

·       Localized Pain: This may occur in the lower back, neck, or other areas depending on where the degeneration is happening.

·       Radiating Pain: Nerve compression due to degeneration may lead to pain that radiates into the arms or legs.

·       Numbness or Tingling: This symptom often mirrors those of the condition that led to the initial surgery.

·       Reduced Range of Motion: Individuals might find it challenging to bend or twist their spines without discomfort.

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially following spinal surgery, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for assessment and potential intervention.

Diagnosis of Adjacent Segment Disease

·       Diagnosis typically involves a detailed medical history and physical examination by a healthcare professional. Often, imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans are conducted to visualize the spine and assess any degeneration in adjacent segments. These imaging techniques can help determine the extent of the degeneration and aid in formulating an appropriate treatment plan.

·       It's crucial to get an accurate diagnosis, especially since symptoms of ASD can often mimic those of other spinal conditions, making it challenging to pinpoint the problem without careful evaluation.

Treatment Options

Treatment for adjacent segment disease varies depending on the severity of symptoms. Options include:

·       Conservative Management: Physical therapy, pain management strategies (like medications or injections), and lifestyle modifications can often alleviate symptoms without the need for surgery.

·       Surgical Intervention: For those with severe symptoms or functional impairments, a doctor may recommend surgical options. This may include an additional/extended fusions, decompression, or other procedures aimed at relieving pressure on the spinal nerves.

·       Regular Monitoring: If symptoms are mild, a doctor may recommend a "watchful waiting" approach, where the patient is closely monitored for any changes or progression of symptoms.

Every treatment plan should be tailored to the individual based on their specific circumstances and health needs.

Why Adjacent Segment Disease Matters

Understanding adjacent segment disease is essential for anyone who has undergone spinal surgery or faces potential surgical options. Awareness can motivate individuals to engage in protective strategies and lifestyle changes that may mitigate risks. Discussing the possibility of ASD with healthcare providers can lead to proactive measures—such as choosing less invasive treatment options when appropriate or making lifestyle modifications that can support spinal health. Additionally, knowing the signs and symptoms can lead to earlier interventions, which might prevent more severe complications later on. This awareness is essential for spurring conversations between patients and healthcare providers, leading to better outcomes.

Closing Statement:

Adjacent Segment Disease may sound complicated, but its implications for spinal health are straightforward: after a spinal surgery, it's crucial to be vigilant about potential changes in adjacent segments. By understanding the condition, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps for their spinal health. Whether it's through conservative measures or surgical options, focusing on adjacent segment health can improve overall quality of life for those affected. Empower yourself with knowledge about adjacent segment disease, and remember, communication with your healthcare team is important for navigating your spinal health journey. With the right approach and understanding, you can make informed decisions that put you on the path to a healthier spine. For myself, I undergo frequent pain management, and it does help me.

Source Of Information: Various Google Searches, Personal Experiences and Opinions

Until Next Week, Stay Safe and Well!